Gender in Society as portrayed in Mary Wollstonecrafts A Vindication o

In this essay I am going to examine you how things ilk education, job and relationship between custody and wo homosexualpower suck changed and things like support are quiesce the aforementioned(prenominal) since Mary Wollstonecraft and D. H. Lawrence write active them. In the essay A Vindication of the Right of Wo earthly concern by Mary Wollstonecraft, the infor objet dartt urges women to reject their conventional image of weakness. Mary Wollstonecraft uses her style of diction to urge the reader of her ideas. D. H. Lawrence, in his essay, Give Her a Pattern sketches well-nigh of the patterns imposed on women by men from eighteen to 21st century. Wollstonecraft and Lawrence, they both write about the positions of men and women in society in their respective times. Wollstonecraft writes in Victorian board and Lawrence writes in late eighteenth, early ninetieth century. But if these two writers could facelift from the dead and go to see a movie or note a television show today, they would definitely see evidence that some of their ideas about society have changed such as career options, maculation few others such as the idea of ?the woman behind man? have anticipateed the same.According to Lawrence, women are trying to live(a) up to men?s conceptualiseations of what a woman is. He writes that, ??the eternal secret prototype of men is the prostitute? (D. H. Lawrence 182). The author could see his thoughts reflected in the movie ? fairly Woman?. In this film, he can see how a man treats a woman by buying her nice clothes and doing things for her solely the time. But actually it?s not for her, it is for his own pleasure. This ?gifts? and actions satisfy his necessarily to be with a woman that is not going to fall in love with him. Lawrence can see all of his ideas about the modern man who doesn?t know what he wants a... ...he world. This show is all about how maven women can be high in society without men. They have profound jobs and a lot of money. There are lots of women like them in this modern society. If she watched that television show, she will realize that women are capable of life sentence without men.Our generation has been changed in different ways, but there are still some things that do not change over time. Those things are the same as Wollstonecraft and Lawrence thoughts. Some of them like career options, which includes job and education have changed a lot more and probably will keep ever-changing in the future, too. They are changing in good way and in a way woman can be proud and live equal to men. I believe that those things staying the same, such as what the men expect the woman to be and to produce the best ideal of her, may remain in this order many centuries after this one.

The Fall of Innocence in A Separate Peace :: essays research papers

Holding firmly to the trunk, I took a mistreat toward him, and then my knees bent and I jounced the limb. Finny, his balance gone, swung his head around to number at me for an instant with extreme interest, and then he tumbled sideways, broke by dint of the little branches below and hit the bank with a sickening, unnatural thud, It was the head start clumsy physical action I had ever seen him make. With unthinking confidence I moved out on the limb and jumped into the river, every suck up of my fear forgotten. (Knowles 59-60). Gene Forrester, one of the main characters in John Knowles original A Separate Peace, describes his best friend Phineas f only from a grand tree, an irate steely black steeple beside a river,(Knowles 6) at their all boys boarding school, Devon. Gene is an introverted young boy who is very academically gifted. Finny, however, is an extremely extroverted boyish young boy who is very athleticaly gifted. Finnys decrease eventually leads to terrible thin gs, such as death and guilt. Throughout the wise Knowles uses Phineas alight from the tree to symbolize his loss of innocence, to show Genes guilt, and to develop Phineas death. aft(prenominal) Phineas, also known as Finny, falls from the tree, he slowy begins to change. He begins to sustain his innocence, It can be seen in the beginning of the novel that Finny acts very innocent. For example, Finnys mettlesome of Blitzball shows his spontaneous style of play, and his innocent child like personality. However afterwards Finnys tragic fall from the tree, he begins to seem less innocent and childish. He begins to reveal secrets to Gene, such as when he tells Gene about nerve-racking to enlist in the war. Ive been writing to the Army and the Navy and the Marines and the Canadians and everybody else all winter..(Knowles 190). fight is non an event for innocent little boys. When readers find out that Finny had been toilsome to enlist in the war all winter it shows that after th e fall Finny becomes less and less innocent. He no longer begins to play his childish games, and no longer tries to preform his crazy stunts. Though he is hurt, he does not seem to want to watch or help recruit in any of these activies. On the day Finny fell from that tree, he did not just plument down into the river beneath him, but also fell from innocence.

How Islam responds to issues about Equality Essay

IntroductionThroughout this project, the invention of the information is to answer the questionHow does the organized religion of Islam respond to issues on comparability?All through this Booklet, I consend kept in brainiac to focus on the ideas of Moslem equality and what this style to a Moslem, in the Islamic definition.In Islam a definition of equality means all the sameness, uniformity, im take apartiality, parity bit etc. in that locationfore, if applied to Islam in liaison to the now modern unremarkable life this would involve issues such as* Racism* Sexism* For projectess* unearthly attitudeWhich ar the subjects I provide be talking approximately and looking over at the Islamic perspective on these topics of concern. To face the view Islam has over these issues I will be using* The legitimate teachings from the word of our God Allah himself, doing this through the Quran.* Referring to important hadiths (lessons) and quotes from the illusionist Mohammed (p buh)* The message shake offn out today by the nearly knowledgeable top scholars.These should give a clear message of what, the view on these issues used to be like, how they mystify progressed and possibly altered over the years, the differences on these matters from today in contrast to when the religion began, and how it is today, right now in Muslim houses and nations crosswise the world.RacismConstantly throughout the world today and especi in ally in the history of gays since the beginning of civilisation. There has a been a part struggle between those trying to gain power and own assurance over early(a)s whether it is because of their skin colour, lineage, education, origin or physical disabilities.Islam has extinguished the discrepancy which subsisted in the land of Arabia, the roots of the religion and the main power it was created was to give equality among men and women of all races. It punished those who set outed women to the level of slaves and transportable level-headeds. It likewise punished those who took advantage of their privileges. Being the 1st kind of religion to truly do this won the hearts of nations and the admiration and respect of its enemies.In the Quran Allah even shames those who can non understand the purpose of the variation in skin, colour and language.And among those His Signs is the man of the heavens and the Earth, and the variations in your languages and your colours verily in that atomic number 18 Signs for those with laborious knowledgeIn several(prenominal) societies those who argon poor and live a life in poverty argon considered lower part, with less tidings and the worst comp all. But it is these mint who the prophesier of Allah was asked to gullk for their comp whatsoever. At this the saint worshippers (Quraish) began to make mockery of how the majority of the battalion following Islam were poor, lower class raft. Allah past sends d possess this verse to the prophetAnd keep yourself (O Mo hammed) patiently with those who chitchat their manufacturer morning and afternoon, seeking his face, and let non your eyes pretermit them, desiring the pomp and glitter of life of the world and obey non him whose heart we have made heedless of our remembrance, genius who follows his own lusts nd whose action ( accomplishments) have been lostThe verse meant that a new society would be built with no racism and equality at its base such as justice and equal opportunity. No unityness is Islam should ever be judged by his skin, colour or any part of his physical fashion or origin whatsoever. Also no man should be roll up to judge a nonher only Allah is the judge.Allah does not look at your appearance, or riches, rather he looks at you hearts and deeds. SexismIt is disputed by virtually non-Muslims that in Islam, it is becoming increasingly appargonnt that the image of women is one of sexism and lower class and it is quite clear that Islam has become very anthropoid overab undant and women ar shown to be inferior and of less-importance. Or possibly as Muslims are allowed to have more than one wife its kelvinght they are mis- finesseed. In fact, this is not how Islam has placed the role of women.In Islam there are very precise guidelines relating to the equality of men and women. They are both looked upon as being equal in soul and in mind and in religious responsibilities. Of course, they are not looked upon as the same merely entirely disparate. The importance of the mother has the same importance of the grow. Although they play a different role. But one cannot differentiate that one is inferior to the other. As regards the circumspection of children, the mother cares for a child a lot more than the draw does and this sort of motherly love is held in the highest regard in Islam. The father is expected to supply the family with care, food and money and can only have more than 1 wife under the condition that he has the wealth to pay for th em.The Prophet Mohammed one day was questioned by a follower whom should he treat with more affection, he asked the prophet 4 measure one after the other who are the well-nigh important. The prophet answered Your mother, whenceYour mother, and thenYour mother, at the forth timeYour father, he went onto say enligh tennerment lies at the feet of your mother.Such is the treatment and respect given to women in Islam, from my own psycheal experience when I am in Jordan and I am with my grandmother everywhere she goes, bulk call her grandma/mother and treat her with the ut virtually respect and courtesy. When anyone comes to visit, they immediately enter the room and kiss her march on three times, such is the respect men in Islam have towards women. fierceness once against women is extremely malign and is not allowed. A womens honour is held in high regard and no verbal or physical clapperclaw is permitted at all, to the extend where our prophet saidThose whom so ever ind uce their wives, in the eyes of Allah are no MuslimAny detestation against women especially rape etc. is treated very seriously and in the Islamic Shariah court the punishment for such a crime is severe. During the month of Ramadan, women are given leave from having to fast, if their menstruation cycle is kicking in, this also applies to their praying. Men whoever always have to fast unless they are ill and are incapable. However women do still have to pray, have to perform Hajj, they must render Zakat all Muslims must perform these duties there are no differences between them, and both shall be held accountable by God in the life of the here and after.Whoever does deeds of righteousness, be they male or female, and have faith, they will enter paradise and not the least injustice will be done to themAttitudes towards other ReligionsMuslims have a very have view to other religions, and they are the only religion that have kept strict to the instruction of their holy book. Muslims are given a debt instrument to lead other people into their faith, and making people revert (Every forgiving is innate(p) Muslim) back to Islam is very important and held in high regard, so much so that in one of the hadiths (lessons from the prophet) he saysOne who changes the faith of another towards Islam and helps him unto the righteous path, will be rewarded in heaven well-nigh greatlyAllah also saidStrongest among men in enmity to the believers flag thou find the Jews and the Pagans and nearest among them in love to the believers wilt thou find those who say, We are Christian because amongst these are men devoted to study and men who have renounced the world and they are not arrogant.Islam also teaches that all people have the natural instinct to be Muslims- the term for this in Arabic (as mentioned before) is fitrah. People may be born into another religion, plainly this is due to the way they are brought up and the will of Allah, as he tests your strength and willpowe r (a.k.a as ones iman in Arabic) If soulfulness does convert back to Islam, they are reverting back to the religion into which they were born as. Allah also rewards those who bending back to Islam tremendously.Also to try and avoid any kind of meshing between Islam and those who follower other faiths, Allah did send carry out a message to Mohammed, clearly showing there is no willful approach to any other religion for trouble or arguments. take your path, let me follow mine and there shall be no bout between usIslam does not bring out clashes with other religions but only wishes for there to be peace. From the above quote it clearly states, the Muslim intention not to have any fight/conflict with those of any other religion. However should any Muslim be attacked by one of another religion they are permitted to fight back and to stand up for themselves as long as they are in the right.Forgiveness/ expiationAllah has granted benignant beings with intelligence, this intelligence demands responsibility. Therefore, the more intelligent a person is the more he/she is responsible. When the intelligence is missing, the responsibility is neither there. This also means that little children are not held responsible for their actions or words, because their intelligence has not developed. The insane are not responsible, because they have lost the rational capacity. However, part of us being Human, is also that we make mistakes, nobodys perfect. both(prenominal)times we make mistakes without thought and intention. But sometime we knowingly and deliberately afford sins and do wrong to others. It is said that To err is human and to forgive is comprehend. Both parts of this statement are very true. As human beings we are responsible, but we do also make mistakes and we are ceaselessly in need of grace.Two Types of forgiveness* Forgiveness from Allah* Forgiveness from other peopleBoth are important as we do wrong to both our God and towards other people.Allahs Forg ivenessAllah is the most forgiving, of all. There is a hadith recited by the prophet that talks about the leniency of Allah.Allah has written down the good deeds and the unspeakable ones. Then he explained it by saying that he who has intended a good deed and has not done it, Allah writes it down with Himself as a full good deed, but if he has intended and has done it, Allah writes it down with Himself as from ten good deeds to seven hundred times, or many times over. But if he has intended a bad deed and has not done it, Allah writes it down as a full good deed, but if he has intended it and has done it, Allah writes it down as one bad deed.There are many images given to Allah in the Quran, some of these names are related to His mercy and forgiveness. Here are some of them, with their meanings.Al-Ghafoor The most forgiving. This name appears in the Quran more than seventy times. There are other names from the same root, such as Ghafir and Ghaffar. The meaning of the ghafara is t o cover, to get over and from it comes the meaning to excuse, to pardon, to remit and to forgive. Allah does all these things. In the Quran it is mentioned that Allah does not forgive however without Shirk repentance but he may forgive every other sin for whomsoever he wills.Al-Thawwab The Acceptor of repentance. This name of Allah is mentioned in the Quran about eleven times. Allah accepts repentance of those who truthfully and whole- heartedly repent and turn to him. The word thawwab gives the sense of often returning which means that Allah again and again accepts out repentance and forgives us. We commit sins and mistakes then we repent and he forgives us, then we go and commit more sins and repent and accepts our repentance again and gives us another chance.The Quran teaches that Allah is a Judge and He also punishes but Allah is not bound to punish. The justice of Allah, according to Quran is that Allah does not and will not chew the fat undue punishment on any person. He wil l not ignore the good of any person, but if He wishes to forgive any sinner, He has the full freedom to do so, His mercy is unlimited as shown in the hadith above and his love infinite.Human Forgiveness in IslamIt is very important to believe in the mercy and forgiveness of Allah but it is also necessary to base relationships on forgiveness. We cannot expect Allahs forgiveness unless we also forgive those who do wrong to us. Forgiving each other, even forgiving ones enemies is one of the most important Islamic teachings. In the Quran Allah has described the believers asThose who avoid major sins and acts of indecencies are those who when they are angry they forgive. The reward of the evil is the evil thereof, but whosoever forgives and makes amends, his reward is upon Allah. up to now in another Hadith, the Prophet once said that Allah had commanded him nine things, one of which he mentioned wasThat I forgive those who do wrong to meThe Prophet of Islam was the most known truthful and especially forgiving man. He was always urinate to forgive his enemies even the very worse ones. When he went to the town of Taif to preach the message of God with his adopted son Mahmood, its people abused him, they abused him and hit him with stones.He left the city upset and wounded, then when he took shelter under a tree the angel of Allah visited him and told him that Allah sent him to destroy the people of Taif because of their sin of mistreating the prophet. The prophet rayed to Allah to save the people of Taif, because what they did was out of their ignorance.He said, Oh Allah, guide these people, because they did no know what they were doing. When he entered the city of Mecca after the victory, the Prophet had in front of him some his most terrible, hateful enemies. Those who had fought ruthlessly against him, plotted to kill him for many years, persecuted his followers and killed many of them. Now he had full power to do whatever he wanted, to punish them for their c rimes. It is then described that the prophet asked themWhat do you think I shall do to you now? They pleaded for mercyThe Prophet returned Today I shall say to you what Prophet Yusuf (Joseph and his 11 brothers) said to his brothers, No blame on you today. Go, you are all free. Such was his immense mercy that they all came to finally find out the greatness of Islam and accept it with their hearts. He even forgave the previous rulers wife hinder(prenominal) who had caused the murder of his uncle Hamza. After killing him she had his body cut open massive and chewed on his lever leaving him to bleed. Despite this atrocious crime, when she accepted Islam and submitted herself to Allah, the prophet still forgave her.ConclusionOverall, all in all in my lend truthful opinion, I do believe that Islam the true words from Allah does progress equality among society.O Mankind I have created you from a male and female, and made you into nations and tribes, that you may know one from anothe r. Verily, the most honourable of you in the arrangement of Allah is he who has the most taqwa among of you. Verily, Allah is All-knowing, All-Aware. With this verse, Islam declares its equality among people, that is because Islam respects a human for being a human not for any other reason Islam does not distinguish between two races or two groups of people or between two colours and the Prophet Muhammad spoke to the people signifying that concept during his last pilgrimage, sayingO People Your God is one your father is one no preference of an Arab neither over non-Arab nor of a non-Arab over an Arab or red over downhearted or black over red except for the most righteous. Verily the most honoured of you is the most righteous. Despite the teachings of our Lord and Prophet, these are all empty words if people do not listen to them and use them as their guides, and unfortunately when conflict does arise it is not because Muslims are fighting for their freedom in Jihad, No it is an ex tremely small minority of people who using Islam as a cover, go against the word of Allah and commit crimes. However, the majority of Muslims emphasize the equality in their religion, practically and theoretically.When all are praying whoever comes to the mosque 1st, can sit down in the front row regardless of his financial state or dapple and whoever comes last takes his place in the last row regardless of his dumbfound or importance. If you look along each row, one can see a diversity of people all kneeling down together sitting on the floor, the rich and poor, the knowledgeable and the unknowledgeable. There are no differences among these people as they are all the same in the sight of Allah, their direction during prayer, as well s their holy book, as their Lord is one and also their movements during the prayer follow one imam.Especially in Mecca and Medina, when hajj or umrah is performed, equality there is at its highest, everyone side by side all wearing the same clothes a ll bow to the same God, only thing differing among them is the strength of their belief and the good they have done.An example of such was when some of the companions talked to Osama Bin Zaid, the favourite of Prophet Muhammad, to interfere for the sake of the well reputed woman from the Quraish tribe who deserved punishment for thieving (that is having her hand cut) Osama talked to the prophet, the prophet got angry and said Those before you were districted, that is because the renowned is uninfluenced when he steals, and the poor is punished, verily if Fatima (daughter of Muhammed) stole, I would have her hand cut. Islam is emphasise the equality and applying it into the society since 1400 years ago, when during that time mankind used to place upright the worst distinction among people and individuals in culture and prepared the enslaving o humans.This is where the secret to Islams great real power, strength and past satisfaction lie. One is mistaken to think that Islam prev ailed only because Muslims like dying in battles as others like to live, no. Islam did not win through battles only, but because Islam is a complete unique guidance for life, unique in its rituals, beliefs, transaction and ethics and from all in all that is the religion of Allah. BibliographyThe holy quranthe companions of the prophet book2al-nawawis 40 hadithsReligion & equality bookletwww.islamonline.netwww.islam101.comwww.bbc.co.uk/gcse/bitesizewww.islamicforums.com

Walden Theme

I believe that the overall mental object or theme of the novel Walden was to be simplistic. In his section rescue he stated that the smack of dissatisfaction with hotshots possessions can be fixed In two ways one tycoon require more to meet the emptiness, or one might reduce their desires to achieve satisfaction. I return that this Is a true argumentation because you dont need everything In vitality to be happy. You could have the b atomic number 18 necessities and belong your action story with the identical Joy as someone that Is prosperous and needs everything expensive to make them happy.It is all just about your perspective on how you want to live your life. Another example that went a yearn with the theme of simplicity was when he talked about other residents that were going by dint of life unspoilt trying to make mortgages and payment to all the new-sprung(prenominal) things that they own and exempt wanting the newest fashion trend. On the other flip over T horeau decided that he wanted to live his life differently he took another path that was indeed the uncomplicated life. He left night club and lived in the woods to live this certain lifestyle.If he ever came long a time that he required new clothes, he Just patched them instead of getting the modish fashion and he sole(prenominal) wanted the necessary accessories. He thought If you bought something that wasnt needed to survive insouciant life was Just a disadvantage of documentation life to Its fullest. mobilise of the last time you went shopping for groceries. Did you Just buy what you needed or did you buy other things that you could live without? Do you really need that ask of gum to survive?Most likely you didnt need that acquire of gum, cigarettes or zebra cakes. You could just buy what you absolutely need and still live. This is what Walden wanted approximately people to see is that you can live a simple life with only the necessities and be happy with how you hav e fulfilled your life. To live this simple life Thoreau built his own shack and real owned it instead of having a house that was owned by a bank because of a mortgage. Because he didnt have all the big payments he was able to drop other things that he needed.He did say that those that have larger, more Impressive possessions actually have less when you compare them to his possessions. They might have a skillful car but he has his life and all that It contains and doesnt have to deal about others taking It away because they cant pay for it. The last thing that I would like to say about the theme simplicity, is that he definitely lived a very simple life but he didnt do the same for his writing style. Thoreau writing in this book was complicated and filled with quotes, puns and parallel meanings that were not at all simple.He wrote this book in such a way that it was a little hard to read and understand the propose he was trying to get across, but we ere able to accomplish it an d at least understand a little bit of it. Overall, since I deem that the theme of this book was to be simplistic I conceptualise that Thoreau achieved his death in living a simple life and making his life be filled to the fullest. I also conceive that If he were still alive today and had the chance to see how many people are still reading his novel that he would be surprised. I play he didnt think that his book was going to be as successful as It Is.Thoreau lived his life the way that he wanted and it was to be as simple as it could be. In his section Economy he stated that the feeling of dissatisfaction with ones possessions can be fixed in two ways one might require more to fulfill the emptiness, or one might reduce their desires to achieve satisfaction. I think that this is a true statement because you dont need everything in life to be happy. You could have the bare necessities and live your life with the same Joy as someone that is successful latest fashion and he only wan ted the necessary accessories.He thought if you bought something that wasnt needed to survive everyday life was Just a equidistant of living life to its fullest. Think of the last time you went shopping for didnt need that pack of gum, cigarettes or zebra cakes. You could Just buy what you He did say that those that have larger, more impressive possessions actually have has his life and all that it contains and doesnt have to business concern about others taking it away because they cant pay for it. Fullest. I also think that if he were still alive today and had the chance to see how think that his book was going to be as successful as it is. Thoreau lived his life the

Comparative Commentary Text 1 Those Winter Sundays, Text 2 The Boat Essay

Text 1 and Text 2, twain acquire the common theme of finds. Text 1 is a numbers titled Those Winter Sundays by Robert Hayden, while Text 2 is an force of the short falsehood The Boat by Alistair Macloed. The purpose of Hayden is to tell the fabrication and to tell younger people to appreciate their find on the former(a) hand Alistair MacLoeds purpose was to entertain the audience.The common theme argon the finds, both school texts narrate the story and the relationship between a father and a son. Both texts show how they interact their fathers in a slapdash way but then realized they shouldnt have. In text 1 he realizes too late, and he cant do anything to compound it, however in text 2 the character realizes on the dot on time and starts loving his father and appreciating what he does. There argon several other similarities and differences like the fact that both fathers do problematical work and they probably be persistent to the working class or hitherto to the po orer class.This can be seen as in text 1 the father had hands that ached from labour in the weekday in text 2 the father is a fisherman. Both fathers dedicate lots of their time and sweat to their families, in text 1 the father wakes up re ally proto(prenominal) so he can warm the room for his children to wake up into a comfortable room while in text 2 the father sacrificed his dreams and inclinations and lived a life doing what he sincerely did not expect for the benefit of the family. Similarities atomic number 18 also found in the tone.The tone in both texts is griefful. In text 1 the regretful tone is suggested done the verbal description of the father, Cracked hands that ached as this increases our empathy towards the father, furthermore in text 2 the regretful tone is suggested through the description of the fathers action as he burned and reburned over and over once again. This is also to increase empathy. Increasing the empathy helps us connect more to the germ and be able to understand his regret. Another way through which regret is portrayed in text 1 is thought Robert Haydens sound lines, with the rhetorical question at the end What did I k right away, This quote shows how Hayden has now realized how much sudor his father had put into the family, this also shows how Hayden feels that it is too late to do something now that he has realized. In text 2 the tone of regret is portrayed not only through the description of the father but also through how the short story develops.The twist of text 1 is very different to text 2, first of all the fact that text 1 is a numbers and text 2 a short story. As it was already mentioned, the regretful tone in text 2 is transmitted through the development of the story the story is structured in divides. The structure of the short story is very beta as it starts by setting the scene as it describes the good summer. In the second paragraph Alistair MacLoed describes the father and how he suffers and keep s on working, his lips cool it crack so that they bled when he smiled, this starts creating a tone of guilt as the character saw his dad suffer and did nothing. In the third paragraph we notice some transformation as he starts to realize the punishing work his father does but its in the last paragraph is where we see the biggest change as he changes his attitude and starts loving his father. mental synthesis is also very important in text1, the rime. It is a short poem that contains 3 stanzas.There is no rhyme in the poem as rhyme introduces a happy, joyful connotation Robert Hayden decided not to include rhyme as this poem corresponds to a melancholic and sad relationship between father and son. When it comes to meter lengths, text 1 contains 5 sentences, they atomic number 18 very different in sentence length as we have a very short one, No one ever thanked him. and really long ones as the 4th sentence, which takes up 6 lines. The poem isnt structured as a poem but as a na rrative, if the same text would not be in stanzas it would be a narrative. However in Text 2, as the text is structured in paragraphs, we can see how the sentences change depending on which paragraph they are in. For example, in paragraph 2, the one that tells us the dads sacrifices the sentences are long and the use lots of and, this gives a whiz of continuous and a sense of repetition, which makes you feel the fathers pain. It is a very effective sentence as it increases the empathy.Both texts have similarities and differences regarding language. Text 1 ends with a rhetorical question, this rhetorical question increases the regret already portrayed in the poem and the feeling of guilt as it is already too late to change anything and previously he hadnt noticed his fathers effort. The vocabulary through out the poem is quite simple, as the poem is direct to young people. Robert Hayden used imagery to create empathy towards the father as he is described as waking up in the bluebla ck cold and his cracked hands that ached. The use of the words chronic angers suggest tension in the family and opens the possibility of a long lasting fight happening within the signboard, speaking indifferently to him also adds into the suggestion of tension in the house and the use of the word indifferently creates guilt as he treated his dad in an indifferent way.Furthermore Alistair MacLoed, the author of text 2 uses common diction through out the short story, the diction in both texts is very similar. MacLoed uses several times the word and there are several purposes for the use of the word and, at the beginning, when describing the fathers effort the word and is used for repetition as it increases the effect of empathy in the sentence. by and by on in the story the word and is used to link ideas and to arrive at a good relationship between father and son as the text reads with a happier but still regretful tone.In closure both texts have clear similarities and difference s as they both shared the question of fathers and their relationship with their sons, though they have different purposes and therefore differences.

Irish Violence and the Troubles Essay

In this essay I volition examine the effect of lock during the troubles on individual and national identities with cross interest to Seamus Deanes Reading in the Dark, Tim Pat Coogan evidences that the term Irish Troubles refers to a whole history of violence and colonialism that Ireland has endured, over the last railway yard age. To the physical force school of Irish nationalism the Norman orgasm is generally regarded as the starting point for eight hundred years of British oppression (Coogan, 1996, p. 43).In addition to this, he explains that the term troubles, is like a shot directed to the modern, twentieth century troubles. They mainly occurred during 1960 to 1998. The reason for the violence and tartness in northern Ireland is due to the divisions between the nationalists (Roman Catholics) and the unionists (Protestants). The nationalists identify Northern Ireland as part of Ireland, not a separate country, and not another small town of the United Kingdom whereas th e unionists have great allegiance to Britain and regard their mooring as part of the UK with pride (Coogan, 1996, p. 1). further the Irish agony had been construct up slowly also, rooted in complex reckons, one of which geography, pre-dates the interpenetrate of history others involve the outworkings of two forms of colonialism, those of Mother Church and Mother England (Coogan, 1996, p. 1). divergence also factored into the tension between the two groups. The unionists rule over Northern Ireland affected most Catholic lives negatively, as they were a minority they were discriminated in argonas of employment, housing and education. Internment or also known as consummation Demetrius is one key issue that contributed to the beginning of the troubles (Coogan, 1996. 30).This was introduced by the British multitude and the Royal Ulster Constabulary it involved arresting whatsoeverone who was accused of being against the original military force immediately, without trial. These a spects stirred resentment from the nationalists and inconsequence caused violent anarchy (Coogan, 1996, p. 145). olibanum, the violence that was carried out during the troubles, was chiefly by the IRA (Irish Republic Army), the Ulster declare oneself Force, the British Army and The Royal Ulster Constabulary (Coogan, 1996, p. 18).The aggression of the troubles constructed Northern Ireland to be a place of great instability and tension. In his book The abject of the Earth, Frantz Fanon comments on the state of the colonised mind. Fanon was a psychiatrist and a theoretician of post-colonialism. His work essentially centred on the developing countries, particularly Algeria. In locate to break away from colonisation, Fanon advocates violence to the colonised and he is renowned for this factor (Fanon, 1967, pp. 10-11). His main concern is his patients, who are mentally ill.In his final chapter compound War and Mental Disorders, he explains that his patients suffer not merely by war b ut also from a colonial detail (Fanon, 1967, p. 235). But the doctors described it by portraying as a congenital defacement of the infixed, an original part of his nervous system where, it was stated, it was possible to find the demonstration of a predominance of the extra-pyramidal system in the native. This contracture is in fact simply when the postural accompaniment to the natives reticence, the expression in brawny form of his rigidity and his refusal with regard to colonial authority (Fanon, 1967, p. 35).It is this colonial circumstance that inevitably yields the native into a nervous, mental state. Fanon pays close attention to voice communication and asserts that language is taken away from the colonised subject (Fanon, 1967, p. 194). The language of colonising involves removing the natives language and savoir-faire. Consequently, the colonised is silenced, and this is an oppressive act. Silence is defined in The Oxford English Dictionary as an absence of sound and reference it tush be an evasion of discussing something in particular, or it bunghole be something that is agonistic upon (Soanes and Stevenson, 2008, p. 1342).Sara Maitland, author of A Book of Silence, attempts to understand silence and claims that the OEDs definition is far too indistinct (Maitland, 2008, p. 25). She explores the essence of it in several shipway her own life, history, religion, literature and travel. It is apparent from this book that silence is an ambiguous phenomenon that consists of some(prenominal) positive and negative dimensions. Silence is abstract and transforms itself it can be copulation or a complete absence. Maitland observes that it is generally recognised negatively, her friend writes in a letter that, silence is the place of death, of nothingness (Maitland, 2008, p. 8).She justifies that silence is only negative when it obstructs. Maitland describes the three forms of interferences a subjects tongue is buffet out then they are silenced if s omeone is imprisoned, they are silenced, since any noise they make will not be attaind if speech is construed as worthless and meaningless, then it is silenced (Maitland, 2008, p. 29). This is very hard-hitting and useful for your average oppressor calling someone mad, for example, means they can say what they like but no one will hear this was the sort of silencing the Soviet Union went in for (Maitland, 2008, p. 9).This form of silence interrupts speech and creates a barrier that subjugates the potential speaker. It is oppressive and in effect it becomes a metaphorical prison. Seamus Deanes novel Reading in the Dark was publish in1996, two years before the end of the troubles. The novel is a bildungsroman, as it reports the protagonists growth from child to an adult, so the reader witnesses the protagonists unseasoned innocence transform with experience, as he comes of age. The narrator is an Irish Catholic boy who is growing up in Northern Ireland, Derry.It is constructed of smaller stories that are dated from 1945 up to 1971, where the protagonist matures into an adult. These stories are fragments of memories, conversations, myths and events that happened in the area. They contribute in narrating the protagonists growth from a young child to an adult. Thus with backdrop of the violent troubles, the narrator develops his instinct of who he is, by unearthing a profound family secret (Deane, 1996). Deane complicates the whole novel by playing with silence. The style of narration is one of the key methods that he employs to do this. originally the narration begins, the title Reading in the Dark indicates towards a narration of silence and so to a narrative that will be indecipherable. As mentioned before, this novel is a bildungsroman, a story of self-discovery and indistinguishability. Ensuing this, to read is to understand, and so the protagonist will understand and discover himself by rendering. However, reading in the dark is a paradox, as it is im possible and in prove self-discovery is silenced. The opposite of dark is light, and light is generally associated with illumination and knowledge (Farquharson, 1999, p. 101).Whereas, darkness contains an absence, so it becomes the visual equivalent to silence. Deane implies through this understanding of the title that the unfold of the narrative will be an intricate and complicated process. This displays that the colonial landscape of Northern Ireland and the troubles create identity as problematic. Pre-eminent among them are the disfiguring effects of both colonialism and postcolonial nationalism alluded to above, the crisis of self-representation produced by colonialist discourse, and the dynamics of power and resistance, history and memory, language and identity within colonial relations.Read from postcolonial perspective, the novel could be described as an exploration of the problematic process of identity formation in a colonialist context (Harte, 2000, p. 152). As a resul t, Deane deliberately confirms through his title that self-discovery and understanding of identity is furthermore complex in a colonised state (Fanon, 1967, p. 182). In consequence, darkness obstructs light and silence obstructs articulation. Therefore, silence hinders the narration.

Database Slides on Normalization

Chapter 11 proportional Database Design algorithmic rules and Further Dependencies Chapter Outline ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 0. plan a inflexible of Relations 1. Properties of comparative rots 2. Algorithms for relative Database Schema 3. Multivalued Dependencies and one-fourth general approach pattern 4. kernel Dependencies and Fifth Normal Form 5. inclusion body Dependencies 6. Other Dependencies and Normal Forms DESIGNING A SET OF RELATIONS ? Goals ? lossless touch base property (a must) ? Algorithm 11. 1 tests for general losslessness. Algorithm 11. decomposes a comparison into BCNF components by sacrificing the dependency preservation. 4NF (based on multi-valued dependencies) 5NF (based on wedlock dependencies) ? Dependency preservation property ? ? Additional normal course of instructions ? ? 1. Properties of Relational Decompositions ? Relation Decomposition and Insufficiency of Normal Forms ? Universal Relation Schema ? A relative outline R = A1, A2, , An that includes entirely the attributes of the database. Every attribute let on is unique. ? Universal copulation assumption ? (Cont) ? Decomposition ? ? Attribute preservation put in ?The process of decomposing the universal relation lineation R into a sort out of relation dodgings D = R1,R2, , Rm that go forth become the relational database outline by using the usable dependencies. Each attribute in R will appear in at least one relation schema Ri in the radioactive decay so that no attributes are lost. (Cont) ? ? another(prenominal) goal of annihilation is to hold in separately(prenominal)(prenominal) individual relation Ri in the guff D be in BCNF or 3NF. Additional properties of decomposition are needed to prevent from generating spurious tuples (Cont) ? Dependency Preservation blank space of a Decomposition ? definition Given a garment of dependencies F on R, the projection of F on Ri, denoted by pRi(F) where Ri is a subset of R, is the set of dependencies X Y in F+ such that the attributes in X U Y are each(prenominal) contained in Ri. Hence, the projection of F on each relation schema Ri in the decomposition D is the set of in operation(p) dependencies in F+, the closure of F, such that every(prenominal) their left- and right-hand-side attributes are in Ri. (Cont. ) ? Dependency Preservation holding of a Decomposition (cont. ) ? Dependency Preservation blank space ? ? A decomposition D = R1, R2, Rm of R is dependency-preserving with compliments to F if the union of the projections of F on each Ri in D is equivalent to F that is ((? R1(F)) U . . . U (? Rm(F)))+ = F+ (See examples in Fig 10. 12a and Fig 10. 11) ? Claim 1 ? It is always possible to happen a dependency-preserving decomposition D with notice to F such that each relation Ri in D is in 3NF. Projection of F on Ri Given a set of dependencies F on R, the projection of F on Ri, denoted by ? Ri(F) where Ri is a subset of R, is the set of dependencies X Y in F+ such that the attribut es in X ?Y are all contained in Ri. Dependency Preservation Condition Given R(A, B, C, D) and F = A B, B C, C D Let D1=R1(A,B), R2(B,C), R3(C,D) ? R1(F)=A B ? R2(F)=B C ? R3(F)=C D FDs are preserved. (Cont. ) ? lossless (Non-additive) pairing Property of a Decomposition ? Definition lossless join property a decomposition D = R1, R2, , Rm of R has the lossless (nonadditive) join property with respect to the set of dependencies F on R if, for every relation disk operating system r of R that satisfies F, the pursuit holds, where * is the natural join of all the transaction in D (? R1(r), , ? Rm(r)) = r ? Note The word loss in lossless refers to loss of tuition, not to loss of tuples. In fact, for loss of information a better term is addition of spurious information physical exercise S s1 s2 s3 P p1 p2 p1 D d1 d2 d3 = S s1 s2 s3 P p1 p2 p1 * P p1 p2 p1 D d1 d2 d3 Lossless Join Decomposition ?? NO (Cont. ) Lossless (Non-additive) Join Property of a Decomposition (cont. ) Algorithm 11. 1 Testing for Lossless Join Property excitant A universal relation R, a decomposition D = R1, R2, , Rm of R,and a set F of functional dependencies. 1.Create an initial ground substance S with one row i for each relation Ri in D, and one column j for each attribute Aj in R. 2. Set S(i,j)=bij for all matrix entries. (/* each bij is a perspicuous symbol associated with indices (i,j) */). 3. For each row i representing relation schema Ri for each column j representing attribute Aj if (relation Ri includes attribute Aj) then set S(i,j)= aj ? (/* each aj is a explicit symbol associated with index (j) */) ? CONTINUED on NEXT SLIDE (Cont. ) 4. double over the following loop until a complete loop execution results in no changes to S for each functional dependency X ?Y in F for all rows in S which have the homogeneous symbols in the columns corresponding to attributes in X make the symbols in each column that correspond to an attribute in Y be the aforementioned(prenomin al) in all these rows as follows If any of the rows has an a symbol for the column, set the other rows to that uniform a symbol in the column. If no a symbol exists for the attribute in any of the rows, choose one of the b symbols that appear in one of the rows for the attribute and set the other rows to that same b symbol in the column 5.If a row is make up entirely of a symbols, then the decomposition has the lossless join property otherwise it does not. (Cont. ) Lossless (nonadditive) join test for n-ary decompositions. (a) Case 1 Decomposition of EMP_PROJ into EMP_PROJ1 and EMP_LOCS fails test. (b) A decomposition of EMP_PROJ that has the lossless join property. (Cont. ) Lossless (nonadditive) join test for n-ary decompositions. (c) Case 2 Decomposition of EMP_PROJ into EMP, PROJECT, and WORKS_ON satisfies test. (Cont. ) ? Testing Binary Decompositions for Lossless Join Property ? ?Binary Decomposition Decomposition of a relation R into two relations. PROPERTY LJ1 (lossless join test for binary decompositions) A decomposition D = R1, R2 of R has the lossless join property with respect to a set of functional dependencies F on R if and wholly if either ? ? The FD ((R1 ? R2) ? (R1- R2)) is in F+, or The FD ((R1 ? R2) ? (R2 R1)) is in F+. 2. Algorithms for Relational Database Schema Design Algorithm 11. 3 Relational Decomposition into BCNF with Lossless (non-additive) join property Input A universal relation R and a set of functional dependencies F on the attributes of R. 1. Set D = R 2.While there is a relation schema Q in D that is not in BCNF do choose a relation schema Q in D that is not in BCNF invent a functional dependency X Y in Q that violates BCNF replace Q in D by two relation schemas (Q Y) and (X U Y) Assumption No cipher values are allowed for the join attributes. Algorithms for Relational Database Schema Design Algorithm 11. 4 Relational Synthesis into 3NF with Dependency Preservation and Lossless (Non-Additive) Join Property Input A universal relation R and a set of functional dependencies F on the attributes of R. 1. Find a stripped cover G for F (Use Algorithm 10. ). 2. For each left-hand-side X of a functional dependency that appears in G, create a relation schema in D with attributes X U A1 U A2 U Ak, where X ? A1, X ? A2, , X Ak are the only dependencies in G with X as left-hand-side (X is the key of this relation). 3. If none of the relation schemas in D contains a key of R, then create one more relation schema in D that contains attributes that form a key of R. (Use Algorithm 11. 4a to find the key of R) 4. Eliminate redundant relations from the result. A relation R is considered redundant if R is a projection of another relation SAlgorithms for Relational Database Schema Design Algorithm 11. 4a Finding a Key K for R Given a set F of Functional Dependencies Input A universal relation R and a set of functional dependencies F on the attributes of R. 1. Set K = R 2. For each attribute A in K Compute (K A)+ with respect to F If (K A)+ contains all the attributes in R, then set K = K A (Cont. ) 3. Multivalued Dependencies and fourth Normal Form (a) The EMP relation with two MVDs ENAME >> PNAME and ENAME >> DNAME. (b) Decomposing the EMP relation into two 4NF relations EMP_PROJECTS and EMP_DEPENDENTS. (Cont. ) c) The relation SUPPLY with no MVDs is in 4NF but not in 5NF if it has the JD(R1, R2, R3). (d) Decomposing the relation SUPPLY into the 5NF relations R1, R2, and R3. (Cont. ) Definition ? A multivalued dependency (MVD) X >> Y specified on relation schema R, where X and Y are both subsets of R, specifies the following simplicity on any relation state r of R If two tuples t1 and t2 exist in r such that t1X = t2X, then two tuples t3 and t4 should also exist in r with the following properties, where we use Z to denote (R -(X U Y)) ? t3X = t4X = t1X = t2X. t3Y = t1Y and t4Y = t2Y. t3Z = t2Z and t4Z = t1Z.An MVD X >> Y in R is called a trivial MVD if (a) Y is a subset of X, or (b) X U Y = R. ? ? ? Multivalued Dependencies and Fourth Normal Form Definition ? A relation schema R is in 4NF with respect to a set of dependencies F (that includes functional dependencies and multivalued dependencies) if, for every nontrivial multivalued dependency X >> Y in F+, X is a superkey for R. ? Informally, whenever 2 tuples that have divergent Y values but same X values, exists, then if these Y values get repeated in separate tuples with every distinct values of Z Z = R (X U Y) that occurs with the same X value. Cont. ) (Cont. ) Lossless (Non-additive) Join Decomposition into 4NF Relations ? PROPERTY LJ1 ? The relation schemas R1 and R2 form a lossless (non-additive) join decomposition of R with respect to a set F of functional and multivalued dependencies if and only if ? (R1 ? R2) >> (R1 R2) (R1 ? R2) >> (R2 R1)). ? or ? (Cont. ) Algorithm 11. 5 Relational decomposition into 4NF relations with non-additive join property ? Input A univer sal relation R and a set of functional and multivalued dependencies F.Set D = R While there is a relation schema Q in D that is not in 4NF do choose a relation schema Q in D that is not in 4NF find a nontrivial MVD X >> Y in Q that violates 4NF replace Q in D by two relation schemas (Q Y) and (X U Y) 1. 2. 4. Join Dependencies and Fifth Normal Form Definition ? A join dependency (JD), denoted by JD(R1, R2, , Rn), specified on relation schema R, specifies a constraint on the states r of R. ? ? The constraint states that every legal state r of R should have a non-additive join decomposition into R1, R2, Rn that is, for every such r we have * (? R1(r), ? R2(r), , ? Rn(r)) = r (Cont. ) Definition ? A relation schema R is in fifth normal form (5NF) (or Project-Join Normal Form (PJNF)) with respect to a set F of functional, multivalued, and join dependencies if, ? for every nontrivial join dependency JD(R1, R2, , Rn) in F+ (that is, implied by F), ? every Ri is a superkey of R. Recap ? ? ? ? ? Designing a Set of Relations Properties of Relational Decompositions Algorithms for Relational Database Schema Multivalued Dependencies and Fourth Normal Form Join Dependencies and Fifth Normal FormTutorial/Quiz 4 Q1) trade a relation R with 5 attributes ABCDE, You are given the following dependencies A B, BC E, ED A a) List all the keys, b) Is R in 3 NF c) Is R in BCNF Q2) Consider the following decomposition for the relation schema R = A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J and the set of functional dependencies F = A, B C, A D, E, B F, F G, H, D -> I, J . Preserves Lossless Join and Dependencies? a) D1 = R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R1=A,B,C R2=A,D,E, R3=B,F, R4 = F,G,H, R5 = D,I,J b) D2 = R1, R2, R3 R1 = A,B,C,D,E R2 = B,F,G,H, R3 = D,I,J

Avon Case Study

Avon Products, Inc. (Avon) is based in New York. The firm eng get alongs in the cook up and tradeing of smasher and complimentary produces primarily in North the States, Latin America, Europe, and Asia Pacific.Avons produces ar classified into three product categories Beauty, Beauty Plus, and beyond Beauty. The Beauty category consists of cosmetics, fragrances, skin c be, and toiletries Beauty Plus includes fashion jewelry, watches, apparel, and accessories and beyond Beauty comprises home products, give way and decorative products, candles, and toys.The come with mete outs and marts its products by a combination of civilise exchange, trade by independent Avon representatives, and via its consumer Web site, avon. com. Avon was unitary of the prominent direct gross r hithertoue companies in the beauty products industry.Started in the lately 1800s by David McConnell, the smart set sold a wide variety of beauty-related products to homemakers finished its direct gross gross gross sales timents. However, by the 1980s, the comp both had lost its luster and exercise began to falter. A failed diversification scheme made it the target of several(prenominal) coup take in charges.Turn closely efforts were initiated in the 1990s under therefore chief operating military officer James Preston and keep by his winneror Charles Perrin, however, they failed to make a significant impact. Performance began to modify solo after Andrea Jung became the chief executive officer of the beau monde in 1999. Andrea Jung became president and CEO of Avon in 1999 and has totally revamped the follow. Under her leadership, the corporation has updated its product livestock, launched natural advertising, and created a bran- freshly get wind. Avons sales confound attachd by 30 %, profits 40%, and the stock charge has dramatically make betterd.Jungs has been commensu pose to align the firms core capabilities with its strategic targets which has l ead to phenomenal results. It appears that Jung has been able to establish a clear romance for the firm that has been structured in every aspect of the firms operating system.This heap is shared by all employees and representatives of Avon priming the social club for continued success. an opposite(prenominal)(a) strategies of Jung include cost cutting by reducing make out of raw(prenominal) material suppliers, shifting production from smaller plants to larger peerlesss, moving manufacturing from naughty cost nations like Great Britain to lower cost countries much(prenominal) as Poland.As menti championd in the Avon case study, the e-representative initiative as well as has helped Avon cut be. The direct marketers are asked to fill in the order online. Avons trademark has definitely resonated for women done the familys.During the 1980s, the company began to extend by investing in retirement properties and healthcare products, and institution catalogs for men and children. During the initial stages of this outline, Avon number oneed to remove itself from its core market of exchange to women. The results were downward r counterbalanceue trends and slow increment throughout the 1990s which resulted in several takeover bids.Unfortunately, Sears Roebuck and JC Penny do not really resonate s hygienic with being a carrier of womens beauty supplies. The name Sears nominate been associated with appliance and not beauty products. The move of aligning with this companies and trying to sell higher end beauty products will just push Avon in the opposite educational activity that it should be heading, which is to move back towards tailoring to women domestically and internationally. Over the eld, Avon has experienced several problems leveraging its brand in galore(postnominal) of its product lines.As a result, positive net sales and lucre growth for the past five stratums postulate been in single digits and steady declining year after year . Specific problem areas are stagnated sales, slow earnings growth, limited dispersal capabilities and shift in personal care preferences and expenditure habits.Andrea Jungs proposal to scatter into certain sell markets will however perpetuate Avons trend of declining net sales. The pro arrestd plan will so create an rise to poweral statistical distribution outlet and cater to this market segment. However, the interrogative sentence to examine is at what expense or cost will Avon turn out reservation this decision?Avon has faced tremendous pitfalls marketing its product lines to in effect maturation brand committedness and recognition. Examples of this include the hair care product line. Avon did not effectively give out products for ethnic hair types. Additionally, Avon did not piddle a hair coloring product line. As a result, Avon suffered in body-building brand awareness and loyalty with the younger generation as substantially as the older generation that also dem anded this product. Avon has lost loyalty and brand recognition as a result of its decision to diversify into unalike industries and different product lines.This has resulted in a loss of market share drastically affecting one-year profit margins. To examine the anterior question of what cost will Avon endure deciding to move into the sell markets? It is clear and evident the cost will be a to a greater extentover extension of the live internal problems that Avon faces. Deciding to move into the retail market to create a store inside a store is not in Avons best interest. This move would be a get on expansion of Avons preceding(prenominal) decisions to diversify into markets that do not have synergy and indeed will hurt the overall branding of the company.Finally, carry throughing Andrea Jungs proposal to enter the retail market would be detrimental to the already fragile state of Avons brand awareness, recognition and loyalty. other mover for the under motion of Avon i n the late 1990s is its failure to develop the online business. For the fear of alien its labor force, Avon down contend the importance of developing the e-business. A company cannot ignore the surroundings and expect to be successful in the long run.Due to its internal defend with the internet dodging, Avon fell behind other slight established companies in victorious advantage of the explosive growth of the internet Avons antenna should build on original focussing and executions however expanding as obligatory to fit flowing trends and environmental judgings.The nidus should be on existing internal structures to build, create and advance occurrent product lines. Avons focus should also exist in the field of technology to increase online sell opportunities, update internet technology and to re-brand themselves to be a leader of online sells.To get hold of this, dodge should focus on expanding kiosks globally and domestically. The expansion will leverage Avon by appea ling to the market segment requesting additional distribution channels. This outline will allow for trained beauty advisors to liberty chit advice, education and samples thus increase brand awareness and loyalty.Kiosks will have minimal start up cost and lower overheads. stress on product lines and provide to the needs and wants of each demographic group will prevent the earlier pitfalls of lack of integration and decreased brand awareness and loyalty.Keeping Avons product crack separate and distinct will help existing challenges of branding. Focusing on technology improvements and online sales, Avon will have an opportunity to emerge as a leader in this area, thus adding additional channels of distribution and appealing to the overwhelming need.Under Andrea Jungs leadership, Avon has faced a number of challenges. most of these challenges were addressed successfully and others were not. In the early part of 2000, the management aggroup had the daunting trade union movement of choosing an appropriate schema for the immediate and long-term future day for the company.One setback was a decrease in the firms growth rate to single digits and stagnated earnings. Avons CEO, Andrea Jung, was presented with a multitude of pickaxes that ranged from distributing through other surgical incisions stores, establishing kiosks, to overhauling the firms e-business. Jung was right in acknowledging that Avons core capacity is direct selling and its major strength is its brand name. By refocus on the core competency, alter efficiencies, and adapting to the environment with new initiatives, Avon could overcome the hurdles of the past and turn the company in the new direction.This case discussed the revivification of Avon under Andrea Jung.1) What is your assessment of Andrea Jungs performance as chief strategian at Avon Products? What has she done well? What overall grade would you give Andrea Jung for the telephone circuit she has done as CEO? AnswerMy assessment of Andrea Jungs performance as chief strategists at Avon products is that she has done excellent patronage. Her first task was to hit the streets of her neighborhood, ringing doorbells, to better understand the desires of nodes and needs of sales agents. She pushed for the addition of attractive new products to Avon and its sales representatives.Andrea listened to the guests and grew global beauty category sales by new product development, sampling and more than than up-to-date advertising. The company was in serious trouble with annual sale growth of less than 1.5 percentage and a crashing stock price during the general economic thanksgiving in history. Jung took the role of Avon lady to better understand what customers fantasy more or less companys product and within field of direct sales model. . Avons gold dodge under the leadership of Andrea Jung has its merits and is the grand strategy is properly rivet and directed.Andrea Jung has clearly directed the successful tr ansformation of Avon Products Inc. by defining its vision as the company for women. With grand strategies in-place she is revitalizing Avons reputation as the demesnes foremost direct seller of beauty products while leading the company into exciting new lines of businesses, launching a series of frank and image enhancing initiatives, and expanding life story opportunities for people around the world. The strategic plan in place has its merits and the grand strategy is properly foc rehearsed and directed. Currently, Avon is the worlds leading direct seller of beauty and related products, with $7.7 billion in annual revenues.Avon markets to women around the world through 4. 9 cardinal independent sales representatives. The evidence shows that Jungs grand strategies were sound. The argument that the grand strategies were not optimal and infallible to be refocused was short due to the overall improvement of company performance and increase in shareholder wealth. Andrea Jungs chari smatic communication skills and management direction has catapulted Avon as a leader in the global beauty and cosmetic market. I would like to give Andrea Jung an A for the job as she has done her job well as CEO.She developed great strategy for Avon that helped to increase in sales. Andrea Jung outlined new vision and strategic plan for Avon that call for extremely innovative new products, build new line of business, critical connecter as internet in direct selling model and update its direct sales model to better fit 21st century. At age 40 Jung become CEO and in 2001, at age 42 she listed fourth on Fortunes ranking of the 50 most powerful Women in American Business.2) What is Andre Jungs strategic vision for Avon? Do you approve of the companys new strategic direction? Why was it time for Avon to heavyly change direction? AnswerAndrea Jungs strategic vision for Avon was for them to be the company that understands and satisfies the product, service and self fulfillment needs f or woman globally. I think their new strategic direction made sense. She knew products had to be made to fill the needs of different age group and races. It was time for Avon to become more modern and up-to-date. Jungs fit of new Avon was that of a company beyond selling cosmetics as trusted product which is needed by any women. She was in customer convenient strategy in beauty and financial services.She insisted that supporting women touches not only beauty, but health, fitness, self empowerment and most important financial independence. Yes, Avons new strategic direction would launch an entirely new line of business, the development of innovative products, new packaging, new channels to the distribution, a new approach to fork up string management, new sales models and new approaches to image building. When Andrea Jung became Avons new CEO in November 1999, the companys annual sales growth had slowed to less than 1. 5 percent and its stock price had fallen from a high of $55 to a three year low $25.The strategies initiated by Charles Perrin had resulted in some improvement in 1998 with downhearted sales growth, but in late 1999 Avon was in need of bold direction. When Perrin resigned because of his lack in direct sales limitation, Andrea Jung need a fundamental change in direction. Jung understood the desires of customers and needs of sales agents. She heard the customer grips over product colors, mishandled orders, unattractive packaging, lack of innovative products and confusing promotions.Ultimately she sight the structural obstacles to chance on in success. Policies for placing orders made difficult for sales agents to increase sales volume and commissions. When Andrea Jung stepped in as CEO of Avon, she brought with her numerous new, tonic ideas that helped make Avon what it is today. Her strategy didnt agree with what consultants thought, but she willingly took risks to follow through what she believed to be the best strategy for Avon. We bel ieve that her strategy was good, solid world that will continue to keep Avon at the top as Americas number one selling Cosmetic and Beauty Company.3) What is your assessment to the financial and strategic objectives Jung has set for Avon? Do they contain too a good deal ambit? Too little stretch? AnswerSeveral things happened formerly Andrea Jung was named CEO of Avon. First, she decided to reverse the current trend of losing sales. She did this by creating a strategy that would turn the company around. Jungs suggested strategy to partner with Sears and JC Penney segment stores was an idea that would help to promote the strategy she had come up with. It would award a new, upscale product line, thus increasing profits, sales and across the country exposure to the baby boomer segment. Retail selling increased with in-store customer craft and expected growth of spending power to 16 percent within five years.Face-to-face selling comprised 79.7 percent of direct selling, preferre d among older citizens. The marketing budget would be increased to target customer traffic at Sears and JC Penney. Investment costs were limited to $15 20 million to launch retail products, with a bulk of expenses being absorbed by the department store. Avons strengths would help increase global recognition of brand name and image. Jung suggested promoting certified Beauty Advisors in department stores and increased incentives for sales representatives.In addition, having department stores sell via the Internet would increase the channels of distribution, thus increasing consumer loyalty. Reduce inventory level while improving service to representatives which increase the forecasting accuracy and order fill rate in supply chain management. Strategy provides opportunity for sales representatives to increase their income and greater career opportunities through sales leadership. Develop E- commerce opportunity for Avon and sales representatives, improving operating margins 50-100 ba sis heights though business process redesign.Another strategy is evolution global beauty category sales through in new product development, advertising and sampling. All these factors would affect Avons long-term goals by forcing Jung to find new, creative ways to stay fresh in the market. Jung had created a strategic plan that met the vision of Avon she had created goals that were measurable and geared toward future company growth. The goals seemed to be obtainable in the current business market. In addition, Jungs idea that technology may be the answer was in retort to a changing business environment which included movement toward e-business.This idealistic would be synergistic and build upon their present success. It is too little stretch because the objectives were not set boldly and aggressively high. These goals were not impossible targets.4) What have been the attain elements of Avons strategy been under previous CEOs? What new and different strategy elements have been i nitiated by Andrea Jung? How well does Andrea Jungs new strategy seem to match features of the global cosmetics industry and Avons resource strength, warlike capabilities, and culture? AnswerKey elements to Avons strategy under previous CEO were set to sell directly to consumers via independent sales representatives work on commission. Avon catered to mostly upper middle income fe young-begetting(prenominal)s and focused almost but on US cosmetic market.Andrea Jung initiated expansion into markets outside US making Avon products available online, and began selling Avon products through retail channels. She also instituted a more upscale packaging to match the look of prestige cosmetic brands. She focused on a low cost/ low price strategy and focus to sale to low and middle income families.Andreas new strategy was apparent to improve Avons financial performance and help build a competitive advantage. Her approach is sensible in light of what competitors are doing and the position they hold in the market place.Avon is passing backward fused, self-manufacturing many of the items that they sell. This causes the competitive pressures of suppliers to be weak. Avon can get supplies from many parts of the world because they have entered foreign markets and produce products in different countries. A great deal of Avons supplies such as packaging, may be easily substituted if a supplier raised prices.Under Andrea Jungs direction, Avon is focusing on developing nations in particular china. Many developing countries are more receptive to direct selling by women since jobs with Avon are opportunities for women who want to be independent in the male dominated cultures. Avon has also recognized that the demographics has changed and recruiting younger women to sell to the younger customer base. Competitive pressures stemming from customer buying power is moderate because switching costs are low and customers have the competency to fulfill their needs by switching br ands.Buyers tend to be well informed about Avons product prices and costs largely due to the Internet and this put customers at a position of higher bargaining power. Customers do not pose a threat of integrating backwards, because it would not be easy for women to develop their own make-up, perfume or skin care products. Due to the direct selling business model, there is an extremely large number of buyers. Another Avon objective that aims to alleviate pressures coming from competing sellers includes consists of reinventing their antiquated image.Realizing this, Jung endorsed the Williams sisters. Venus and Serena Williams were popular young icons that portrayed the image where Jung hoped to achieve for Avon young, powerful, and ambitious.5) How well has Avons new strategy been implemented so far? What are Avons strategy successes so far? What problems or missteps do you see? How important has Susan Kropf been to Avons implementation efforts? Was she a good select as chief operat ing officer? Why or why not? AnswerAndrea Jungs highly successful career would not be possible without effective and perceptive management.Throughout Jungs ambitious expansion, her management style was to emphasize open air communication, goal orientation, and feedback from her sales force. Avon routinely brings in the top performing sales reps from across the globe to Avons headquarters in New York urban center in order to gather first hand feedback from the employees in the field. Ms. Jung herself even attempted to sale Avons products as a traditional Avon lady. An attempt she acknowledges was not one of her more successful endeavors. The attempt however, showed Ms. Jungs commitment to understanding all aspects of the Avon business. A common typography in Ms.Jungs leadership speeches encourage women empowerment and promote a belief that more women will continue to hold key administrator roles. Under Ms. Jungs leadership, Avon management supports flexible work schedules and en courages employees to create a healthy balance between work and family responsibilities.There are a number of missteps that Avon has taken under Andrea Jungs leadership. They include partnering with companies that image does not adequately match Avons and the companys problems with launching its online business segment. Recently, Avon denote plans to partner with Sears and JC Penneys.One of the potential negative aspects for Avon partnering with JC Penny and Sears would be the possible hard of brand name for Avon. The company ran the risk of possible further lessening of its brand name. Since its inception Avon has worked very hard in tailoring its nook market towards women. Ms. Kropfs most recent responsibilities included certain global staff functions. She retained tariff for global marketing as well as the companywide Business Process Redesign efforts that have freed up nearly $400 million in the past three years for reinvestment in consumer brand building and other growth initiatives.Yes, Susan Kropf was a good choice as a chief operating officer of Avon Products Inc. with full profit-and-loss responsibility for all of Avons worldwide operations, including global marketing and supply chain. Susan has played a critical role in Avons success by sharing her insights on Avons rich history and the companys successful strategies for sustaining brand power for over a century. Susan Kropf reconfigured the value chain thereby cutting costs of non-value adding areas.6) Has Andrea Jung been effective in evaluating the companys performances, monitoring new developments, and initiating corrective adjustments?Does Andrea Jung appear to have Personal traits well suited to refining and fine-tuning the companys strategy and implementation efforts? ar her strengths better suited to instituting sweeping changes and quickly moving to a new project? AnswerAndrea Jung represents a great strength to Avon Products Inc. Regardless of gender, any CEO who can take a company w ith a 50 percent drop in share price and raise company stock by 164 percent in five short years shows insightful leadership and effective management. In addition to the financial success, Ms. Jung has also played a vital role in Avons unrestricted relations arena.She shows an amazing ability to connect with a variety of shareholders and the public. Her ability to communicate with all levels of an internationally diverse Avon staff and public present to Avons ability to successfully implement strategic changes in direction.Yes, Andrea Jungs vision of what she wanted to accomplish as CEO of Avon included a strategy to improve brand image, introduce new products, increase use of the internet as a channel of distribution, provide greater incentives and opportunities for the sales force, reduce unnecessary costs in the value chain, and continue to expand into global markets.Product innovation was a large part of Jungs strategy for Avon. In fact, in 1999 she challenged Avons R&D gro up to develop a new product within two years. In less than one year Avon introduced Anew Retroactive, an anti-aging skin cream. It achieved record sales for Avon and led to the development of other successful lines of business.In less than one year Avon introduced Anew Retroactive, an anti-aging skin cream. It achieved record sales for Avon and led to the development of other successful lines of business. For example, Avon Wellness products exceeded sales estimates by 300%.One problem that Avon faces is the safe competition within fields they are trying to expand into. Avon is marketing a nutritional product line called Wellness, which includes vitamins, supplements, bars, etc. This market is competitively strong. Being ahead of the industry in introducing new products combined with the companys already strong market position could further improve Avons brand equity and therefore revenues. In particular, Avon should continue to integrate sales representative into all aspects of sal es. This is Avons own key success factor and what sets them apart from their competitors.With the growing popularity of the internet as an outlet of commerce, Jung was compelled to implement internet sales into her strategy, realizing that the Avon Lady is the distinctive core competency for Avon in new projects.7) What additional actions would you recommend Andrea Jung take to help the company to achieve its long term strategic and financial objectives? Are any changes needed in the companys vision? Its objectives? Its strategy? Its implementation efforts? What challenges office the new strategy present to Avons top management team? What risks do you see? AnswerBased on demographic data, China holds 20% of the worlds population. This represents a vast market of which Avon has only begun to cover. Avon should continue to focus on the expansion of retail outlet sales in China. Also, because the only sales in China are generated through retail outlets, Avon should further develop the ir Beauty Advisors training. Europe should also be a continued focus for Avon. Industry leader, LOreals attributes 50% of their total sales to the European market. Avon had a successful growth rate in Europe but only 23% of the total 2003 sales came from Europe.There is still room to expand in this market. Based on one of the industrys key success factors, product innovation, Avon should focus even more resources on R&D especially in the areas of anti-aging products and teen products. Because 23 million teenagers have an average weekly fluid income of $85, Avon should continue with innovative teen marketing such as the current mark brand but also work on products for problem teen skin. Avon Products Inc under the leadership of CEO Andrea Jung is at a point where there are opportunities for growth for the organization. However Ms.Jung appears to be indisposed towards taking steps to take advantage of Avons position. Also her approach is flawed. lets take a look at her approach an d then also look at viable alternatives. Andrea advocates partnering with Sears and JC Penny department stores so as to create a store-within-a-store, Avon products.Based on this, the board of directors felt that Jungs original options did not provide the same amount of increased sales and revenues, attraction to increased clientele base, motivation and acceptance by current sales representatives, or increase shareholder wealth as the consultants options did.The consultants options provided a means to Avon Products, Inc. to become a household name to those whom were not attracted by limited previous distribution channels, and Jungs choices of re-invigorating the brand, instituting beauty advisory training, expanding multilevel sales programs or partnering with department stores. Kiosks were admittedly a risk. At $6,000 per kiosk and lack of information on kiosk performance, Andrea indicated these would be too expensive.Perhaps a trial run of a low number of kiosks in the environment would settle this question. In conclusion, the Avon CEO strategy did not impress as very well thought out and it was a good thing she went to the review board first. Avon should hang with their bread and butter the sales representatives as it is the channel where they were recognized and where they became one of the largest beauty products in the world. The website should be a complement to the services that Avon offers. RecommendationsFor promoting direct-sales through consumer and the business one is to offer incentives to its customers and second is to motivate the business to promoting its products by advertisements, establishing sales competition for employees, participating in conventions, and by endorsing franchise of its products to retail stores.Promoting Avons products and high chance of increasing direct-sales is to offer incentives to its consumers. Incentives provide a positive motivational influence to encourage and excite buyers to buy the products. such incentive s, appropriate for this situation, are coupons, rebates, product samples and awards.Coupons can be prone in mail, beauty magazines, newspapers, and advertisements on mail or on the internet companys official website. Rebates can be offered also to attract more buyers to buy the products.Rebates can be advertised also on coupons through mail or the internet. Another successful way of attracting consumers is by offering samples of Avons cosmetic products, which can be done door-todoor or attached on an advertisement through mail. Finally, awards through prizes, contests or sweepstakes can offer consumers the chance to win something small or big like bullion or free-trips.Also, prizes can be offering a free gift whenever a consumers purchase one of Avons products. This last incentive option attracts more attention from consumers than the three other options. Motivate the Avon business to go through its goals of promoting its products and gaining sales through advertisements, sales c ompetition, participating in conventions and endorsing franchise. Advertising is the key to attracting consumers and the outcome is high sales. Such advertisement is done through media (television), mail, or the internet.The more awareness from the public of the company likely to attract more buyers and the outcome is high sales. The next option is to encourage Avons sales representatives with awards/prizes that reached their sales goals within a period of time.Another is participating in conventions and this is more likely to increase sales through direct contact with customers. expire is to endorse franchise of Avons products with small and big cosmetic-related retail stores, such as Macy, JC Penny, etc. This option can be most likely increase sales and in turn profit which is any companys ultimate aim.

Design of an Application for the Visualisation of Raw Data

AbstractionVisual digit is really of import for acquiring tending and tells the message in an impressive manner. Our application helps to plan the learning and go steady it in different graphs, even customization is possible. It provides an effectual manner of communicating to the clams audience. Application helps to change everyplace research natural randomness in ocular signifier for disclose compendium. Application helps to bring out good-natured ocular and synergistic charts. Large set of informations eg bailiwick, research etc or informations relieve in any signifier eg excel, cloud platforms etc butt end be unified and converted. plain unrecorded informations set integrating is possible.Application provides different types of chart customization features eg belongingss, colour, text, drag &038 amp bead etc. Predefined templets can be managed or employ for dampen apprehension. Our application besides provides different manduction pickaxes and coaction. deuc efold peoples can join forces and piddle on the same research. Application can be unrecorded integrated with different societal media, progress sharing through mail, URL is besides provided. Branding option for branding ocular image is besides provided.1. Introduction1.1 Project DescriptionThe Real-time information opthalmic image can supply significant and noticeable return key for companies that use these tools efficaciously. Wielding informations in existent clip can be extremely advantageous for organisations of all sizes and crosswaysindustries, as this ability certifies employees with the visions they need to utilize surmount public presentation in severalscenarios. At the similar clip, organisations can non reside to only if roll up the information into vision without the right secure tools. This willing run the demand for ocular informations find engineerings alternatively the little informations be easier to understand.A clean Aberdeen bunch study of over c c concern executives highlighted the impact of real-time information visual image toolsinthe workplace. The research form that companies using period of clip solutions ar able togather cardinal informations among a finite measure of clip 22 per centum more than oftenthan organisations without real-time platforms. In another words, concerns with real-time information visual image technics atomic number 18 more often able to do better determinations alternatively of trusting purelyon natural aptitude. This creates infinite for clear competitory advantages.In increase, companies that is besides able to take away batch of out of their overall concern intelligence ways, to supplying foster on the topographic fountainhead with the usage of real-time informations visual image solutions. Harmonizing to the Aberdeen Cluster, 71 per centum of houses utilizing real-time or period image platforms even turn out ad-hoc analytical services that enable assorted groups throughout the work point in their ownership to take full advantage of the information.Real-time informations visual images are besides coiffure to supply merely distinguishable returns. The study found that approximately 26 per centum of companies utilizing these solutions in topographic point were ready to verify new grapevine histories, whereas 15 per centum were ready to bring forth a batch of gross through optimized tools. Another 10 per centum of companies with real-time information visual image platforms were ready to diminish free in operation monetary values, which may ease decision-makers, invest in extra significant undertakings without lay waste toing the stone underside line.Experts normally bear that visual image engineerings could besides be really helpful for corporations that are encom chanceing the big informations phenomenon and made to cover with more and more knotty and advanced information sets. Because the power of traveling rapidly and clean is vital in this fast traveling competitory corporate universe, executives has to supply their work forces in real-time solutions which will change over natural informations into merely understood penetration every bit early as possible.Even advanced analytics are acquiring to be portion of the equation, organisations that uses these tools in add-on to visual image platforms that makes easy-to-digest dataimagerywill possible themselves to recognize in a better manner to win and acquiring benefits over compete companies missing thesemethods.selective informations analysisData analysisis the procedure of analyzing and summarizingdatawith the usage to pull out usefulinformationand develop decisions. Data analysis is closely associated with informations processing howeverdata processing tends to concentrate on large informations sets with less emphasis on makinginference, and sometime uses the information that was chiefly equanimous for a distinguishable intent. Instatistical applications, some people divide info rmations analysis intodescriptive statistics, preliminary informations analysis, andinferential statistics ( orconfirmatory informations processing ) , wherever the EDA dressed ores on detecting new option within the information, and CDA on corroborating or disproof bing decision.There are two types of Data analysisExploratory informations analysis ( EDA ) It is an attack to analysing information for the purpose of formulatinghypothesesvalue testing, complementing the tools of typicalstatisticsfor proving hypotheses.Qualitative informations analysis ( QDA ) orqualitative researchis that analysis of non-numerical information, for illustration words, images, observations, etc.AimsThe aim of our application isDecision shapers at assorted degree has to welcome information visual image parcel tool, as batch of information is stored and processed, that helps them to see analytical consequences given visually, disaster comparative factors over the 1000000s of variables, communicate fac tors and decision to others, and it besides read the long-acting term. Because of the method the human encephalon grips information the people can easy and rapidly acquire the mean for big informations points when they are displayed utilizing charts and graphs alternatively of maintaining spreadsheets over hemorrhoids or merely reading pages of studies.Judge the information you are trying to see, unneurotic with its size and cardinality ( the individualism of informations values in a column ) .Find what you are traveling to visualise and what type of information you are seeking to pass on.Have a ocular that will supply the information in the simplest and better signifier for your audience.Data visual image is a work of art, and there will be several graphical techniques which can be employ to service people to acquire the narrative, their informations is stating.FacultiesConnectionApplication provides four different options for uploading users dataset.Excel SpreadsheetGoogle S preadsheetAPIUsers new informations setToolTool option provides different type of options as charts formats, templets so visual image can be done really fast. Chart options provided are listed below-BarroomStacked BarroomRingingHalf-RingAreaJazz bandLineColumnStacked ColumnPieCharts-Embed Code user can copy and glue into users web site or web logUniform resource locator sharing can be done with URL affable media sharing charts can be shared on the societal media with the wait on of different sharing options.SEO Even the charts can be used for SEO labeling live Application helps to print unrecorded chartsCustomized TemplatesTemplates can be organized and used harmonizing to the demand, following customization can be done-breadth and tallnessbackground colourline colourline thicknessfount colourfount sizeGrid line colourss and grid line thicknessData serial colourss directionTitle directionFormating ToolItems can be modified by fount, colour, breadth, etc. Branding users chart with a logowill addition users on-line presence and guarantee that user acquire ascription for users informations, particularly when users public charts are shared across web sites.Axiscustomization class axisGrid Lines grid lines can be customizedChart Area the limitation line that outlines users graphical informationsBackground back colourData Series information series can be added or modifiedLegend is the cardinal box for the tone of voice axisData Values values on the chartsComment Text Formatting text boxes used for noticing, user can attach remark boxes to want informations series

Case of Aline Deneuve

Case of queue up DeNeuve This case Aline DeNeuve is scripted by Alvin Turner, from St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada. There be a lot of issues in this case. Aline talked with five random employees to secure their views on having an other(a) retreat and to nominate their opinion how effective was the previous retreat. The first employee she talked with was eelpout. The main issue all over here is virtuallyly stereotypical and racial distinction. Heather told she doesnt a deal retreats. She in addition said that she was ignored to give a promotion half-dozen months ago by her supervisor squat as she was Chinese, and that her supervisor doesnt like foreigners.She withal stated that the three day retreat held at one time a year wont solve the anti-social atmosphere betwixt the employees. This line occurred because Heather was up position with bull for the reason she was not promoted by him. Categorization is an OB concept which falls down the stairs stereotyping. This is a comparability process for social identity, and that comparison begins by categorizing people into different groups. Heather thought process she was categorized by her supervisor Jack as she was from China. homogenisation is some other OB concept that falls under stereotyping. It is a simplified process of comparing people in mixed groups.Here people tends to gauge that, people with in a group are very frequently similar to each other despite the fact that everyone is an individual and render their own different characteristics. Heather thought that jack was homogenization towards her as she belonged from China, and was from some kind of Chinese group. Heather also thought that Jack was discriminating towards her as she was a foreigner, and so didnt give her a promotion. There were also internal ascription factors in Heather as she regularly in additionk large numbers of sick days from work, for the reason she thought her supervisor was discriminating her.She also had fundame ntal attri howeverion error. Fundamental attribution error is a bias, refers to our tendency to see the person rather than the note as the main cause of the persons behaviour. Heather takes that she is dark-skinned by her supervisor. These problems dope be improve in various manners by Heather. Awareness of perceptual biases is one of the ways her problems rear end be solved. Training on diversity awareness cease lessen discrimination by making people aware of methodical discrimination as well as biases that occur through stereotyping. Awareness of perceptual biases scum bag make people much watchful of their opinions and activities.Thus, Heather means get down a fall in point of view about Jack, and might bring forward to a greater extent(prenominal) confirmatoryly about the outcomes that come in real look. other way of fixing her problem is by improving self-awareness. It is a more powerful way to minimize perceptual biases it provides evidence that the individ uals own conduct and choices reflect these biases. Therefore Heather can cede a bankrupt and positive view of what is happening in her purlieu and how positively she can take them. However, Heather can have a confabulation period with her supervisor and discuss all the matters that are bothering her.This might help her understand Jack in a better way and stop all kinds of problematic issues they have between each other. The flash employee Aline talked with was Jack. Jack is the manager of marketing department. He did not involve to go out the retreat. He was upset as he was not promoted to the coach position. Jack thought that he was passed over because he was fatal. He suggested that the musical arrangement should invest more money in its security purposes as he thinks lot of employees are winning home office supplies. He also thought that the association should design a better job preference and socialization program for the new employees.The problem over here was Jac k thought that he didnt get the promotion because he was black he assumed that he was racially discriminated. He also do a very serious statement about other office employees, that they have been taking office supplies to their home. This to my thought was rattling offensive to other employees especially when he had no evidence to prove them. The only positive statement that I thought Jack made was having a better designed job orientation and socializing program for the new employees. This maltreat would really help the new comers to get involved in various activities in an administration.In this part of the case I found two problems that took ass with Jack. The first one was Jack thinking stereotypically about himself. His thinking was more of stereotypical because he thought he was racially discriminated in the organization and so was not given a promotion to the director position. The base to this problem can be diversity awareness training. This training leave behind help Jack to minimize discriminating thoughts in his mind. He also needs to improve his self-awareness in himself which give let him bang what he thinks about himself.The second problem associated with Jack was accusing other employees of the organization, for taking office supplies to their home. This is a very serious offensive issue. To me Jack thinks like this because he is having some internal issues with his fellow employees. This can be fixed from the Johari Window model. It helps to get to a mutual understanding which eventually encourages revealing of argument. Jack can also have a formal conversation with the organizations promotion giving team to get to know why he wasnt selected for the director position this might really help him to get to know the real facts.The third employee Aline had a conversation with was June, manager of customer service. She was also not keen to attend the retreat as she thought that the previous one was a uncivilized of time. She also doesnt li ke her job anymore as it became too stressful for her. She also stated that the friendship kept on brilliant her that it will hire more customer service representative, but harbourt hired anyone. She also mentioned that it is getting hard for her to maintain her join with such a stressful job beside. June also said that she got banal of answering customers silly questions.The first problem June had was deficit of customer service representative which made her working condition stressful. She can write a letter to the organizations head stating the holy problem that she is facing and asking for an immediate solution. The fact that Junes uniting feel is getting affected from her work life falls in an OB concept, work-life balance. People tend to lose control of their marriage life due to a stressful condition in their work life. This problem can be solved by the means of virtual work.She can request the company to work from her home instead of working in the office using info rmation technology. This will let her to for work from the cling to of her home allowing to have a better and balanced lifestyle. Many sketch came up with results that on an average, a person working in a call center works no more than two years. However, I think June should leave her current job and look for a better one, because doing something that she doesnt like, wont be productive for her or the company. ordinal employee Aline spoke with was Alison, supervisor of employee benefits and services.Alison also expressed disagreement in attending another retreat. She said that some male and female employees think that retreats are an opportunity for hitting on one another. She also mentioned that the company should develop a policy regarding inter-office dating. She also stated that the management is modify to these factors by not taking actions to stop such behaviour in work place. As Alison has very strong views to her religion she is very unsatiated with the kind of environm ent that goes in work place, because most religious views are strong and conservative.This is more of an issue than a problem. This issue falls under categorical thinking, as religious views falls under a peculiar(prenominal) category. In this categorical thinking people tries to relate every practical action in the base of that category, as Alison did by judging most of the situation in religious views. To overcome this issue Alison can go through a behaviour modification session, it is also known as operant conditioning and reinforcement theory. It helps people understand that learning and visualising wholly depends on the environment and the situation.The last employee Aline talked with was Richard. Richard said he will be pleased to attend a retreat because he constantly felt these types of ventures are a great way to improve interpersonal relationship and to socialize with senior management. Richard was the only employee amongst the five employees who had positive and stim ulate attitude. There was no problem that I could find from this conversation. Instead he was more inspirational for the other employees. He is extroverted, as he seems more outgoing, sociable, and assertive. The organization should take a lot of immediate actions to resolve these problems.The company can encourage its employees to join on various training sessions on improving self-awareness, awareness of perceptual biases, meaning full interactions with one another in office environment, behaviour modification, etc. The company can set up free training sessions to help their employee learn the visuals of work life in a modified and better way. One of the best alternatives can be, giving new employees not only job training but also other training to keep office environment rose-cheeked and good. MD Samiul Karim Shaown A00355188 Micro Organizational Behaviour MGMT-2383-1C